CYBER CRIME AND LEGAL REMEDIES: A CRITICAL ANALYSIS OF THE INDIAN LEGAL FRAMEWORK

The rapid digitization of society has transformed communication, commerce, governance, and social interaction. However, this digital revolution has also generated new forms of criminality collectively referred to as cyber crime. From identity theft and financial fraud to cyber terrorism and online harassment, cyber crime presents complex challenges to traditional legal systems. In India, the Information Technology Act, 2000 (IT Act), along with provisions of the Indian Penal Code and allied legislation, forms the backbone of cyber law enforcement. Judicial interpretation has further shaped the contours of digital rights and liabilities. This article critically examines the concept, categories, and impact of cyber crime; analyses the statutory and constitutional framework governing cyber offences in India; discusses leading judicial precedents; evaluates procedural and remedial mechanisms; and identifies gaps in enforcement. It concludes by proposing reforms to strengthen India’s cyber resilience while balancing digital freedom and security.