LEGAL ASPECTS OF CHILD PROTECTION IN INDIA

Child protection in India stands at a critical juncture where legal frameworks, though comprehensive on paper, face serious challenges in implementation, awareness, and institutional effectiveness. India is home to approximately 472 million children, the largest child population in the world, yet disturbing rates of child abuse, exploitation, and neglect persist across its diverse socioeconomic landscape. This research paper undertakes a systematic analysis of the legal apparatus governing child protection in India, tracing its constitutional foundations, statutory enactments, and judicial interpretations. The paper examines the prevalent forms of child abuse experienced by Indian children, evaluates the strengths and gaps within existing protective mechanisms, and draws comparative lessons from Sweden’s pioneering child protection model. The paper concludes with actionable recommendations aimed at bridging the gap between legislative intent and ground-level implementation. Keywords: Child Protection, POCSO Act, Juvenile Justice, Child Abuse, Constitutional Rights, India, Sweden, Child Rights.