CYBER LAW IN INDIA: EMERGING ISSUES AND CHALLENGES

The rapid expansion of digital technology has changed the way people communicate, work, make payments and access public services in India. At the same time, it has created new opportunities for cybercrime and raised complex legal and security concerns. This paper examines the development of cyber law in India and the major issues and challenges emerging from the increasing use of digital technologies. It focuses on the Information Technology Act, 2000, the IT Amendment Act, 2008, the Digital Personal Data Protection Act, 2023, and the Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, 2023, along with the role of institutions such as CERT-In, NCIIPC and I4C. The paper also discusses emerging concerns including artificial intelligence, deepfakes, ransomware, cryptocurrency, data breaches, privacy, digital evidence and cross-border cybercrime. It highlights the important role of the judiciary in balancing technological development with fundamental rights. The study argues that keeping pace with cybercrime requires not only updated laws but also effective enforcement, stronger cybersecurity measures, international cooperation and greater public awareness. A balanced approach is therefore necessary to ensure that India’s digital growth remains secure, accountable and respectful of individual rights. Keywords: Cyber Law; Cybercrime; Cybersecurity; Data Privacy; Digital Evidence.