CASE COMMENTARY ON SUPRIYO V. UNION OF INDIA

The Supreme Court of India’s judgment in Supriyo v. Union of India (2023 INSC 920) is a significant milestone in the fight for LGBTQIA+ rights. The petitioners challenged the Special Marriage Act, 1954, on grounds that its exclusion of same-sex couples infringes fundamental rights under Articles 14, 15, 19, and 21 of the Constitution. The Court, in a majority decision, upheld that the Act does not cover same-sex marriages but recognized the dignity and autonomy of queer individuals, asserting their right to cohabit and establish relationships free from discrimination. The ruling brought attention to the conflict between judicial interpretation and legislative authority, with the Court urging Parliament to reform family law to promote inclusivity. This commentary analyzes the reasoning presented in both the majority and minority opinions, placing the case within the broader context of India's evolving constitutional jurisprudence on equality, liberty, and social justice. It stresses the need for ongoing advocacy and legislative efforts to ensure the practical realization of queer rights. Keywords: Supriyo v. Union of India, Supreme Court of India, LGBTQIA+ rights, marriage equality, Special Marriage Act 1954, constitutional law, Articles 14–21, dignity, autonomy, judicial review, social justice.