India’s Blue Economy: Legal Framework for Sustainable Ocean Governance

This paper explores India’s Blue Economy and the way it connects sustainable use of ocean resources with economic growth. It looks at how India’s long coastline and rich marine ecosystems support trade, fisheries, energy, and tourism, while also facing serious pressures such as overfishing, coastal erosion, pollution, and climate change. The study reviews India’s existing laws and policies, from the Maritime Zones of India Act and Coastal Regulation Zone rules to global commitments like UNCLOS and MARPOL. It shows how these frameworks, while important, are fragmented and often poorly enforced. The paper argues that India needs a more coordinated approach that balances development with ecological care and community well-being. Suggestions include adopting marine spatial planning, strengthening legal enforcement, supporting fisherwomen and local groups, and investing in nature-based solutions like mangroves and seagrasses. The conclusion calls for a comprehensive National Ocean Policy that can bring together science, law, and local knowledge to secure both livelihoods and sustainability for the future.