M.C Mehta v Union of India (1987)

The case of M.C. Mehta v. Union of India is a landmark judgement in Indian environmental law that strengthened the protection of the environment and public health. The Supreme Court of India delivered several important decisions in cases brought by environmental activist M.C. Mehta, addressing issues such as industrial pollution, hazardous activities, and environmental degradation. One of the most significant decisions arose from the Oleum Gas Leak incident in 1985, which led the Court to establish the principle of absolute liability for industries engaged in hazardous or inherently dangerous activities. Unlike the rule of strict liability, this principle does not allow industries to rely on traditional exceptions to escape liability. The judgement emphasised that industries must be held accountable for the harm caused by their activities to the public and the environment. It also highlighted the judiciary's role in enforcing the right to a healthy environment under Article 21 of the Indian Constitution. This case commentary examines the facts, legal issues, judicial reasoning, and principles established in the case. Overall, the case remains a significant contribution to the development of environmental protection and liability law in the country.