One Nation, One Election: Constitutional Challenges and Democratic Implications in India

The proposal for “One Nation, One Election” seeks to conduct elections to the Lok Sabha and State Legislative Assemblies simultaneously with the aim of improving administrative efficiency and reducing public expenditure. However, its implementation raises significant constitutional and democratic concerns. It requires substantial amendments to the Constitution, particularly regarding the tenure and dissolution of legislatures, federal balance, and electoral representation. The proposal also raises questions about the autonomy of States and the practical challenges of handling unforeseen political situations. This study critically examines the constitutional validity, legal challenges, and democratic implications of simultaneous elections in India. It evaluates whether the proposal can promote stable governance without compromising the basic structure and federal principles of the Constitution. The paper concludes by suggesting a balanced approach that safeguards both electoral efficiency and constitutional values.