RESPONSIBLE AI - A LITERATURE REVIEW

This article reviews the principal academic and institutional contributions to artificial intelligence governance scholarship, incorporating regulatory developments through April 2026. Drawing on peer-reviewed literature in law, political science, ethics, and information systems - and on international instruments from the United Nations, the OECD, and the European Union - the article maps five themes: the ethical principle landscape and its limits; accountability and transparency mechanisms; the governance of algorithmic bias; the comparative regulatory landscape, updated to reflect post-2025 amendments and new national laws; and the governance of generative AI. The article concludes that despite nominal convergence on principle-level commitments, the governance architecture remains fragmented, enforcement-thin, and increasingly pulled in opposite directions by a deregulatory United States and an enforcement-oriented European Union.