ROLE OF FORENSIC SCIENCE IN CRIMINAL JUSTICE SYSTEM

Forensic science has emerged as a cornerstone of modern criminal justice systems across the globe, revolutionizing the way crimes are investigated, prosecuted, and adjudicated. By applying established scientific principles and methodologies to legal inquiries, forensic science provides a systematic and objective framework for uncovering the truth behind criminal acts. It bridges the gap between empirical evidence and legal reasoning, ensuring that investigative processes are not solely dependent on human memory, testimony, or circumstantial elements. From the initial examination of a crime scene to the expert testimony provided in courtrooms, forensic science plays a pivotal role at every stage of the criminal justice continuum.
This research paper explores the multifaceted role of forensic science in the pursuit of justice. It delves into various specialized disciplines such as DNA analysis, toxicology, ballistics, digital forensics, and questioned document examination each of which contributes uniquely to crime-solving and legal adjudication. The paper also assesses the evidentiary value of forensic techniques and their growing acceptance by judicial institutions. Furthermore, it critically examines systemic challenges, including procedural lapses, technological limitations, ethical dilemmas, data privacy issues, and the potential misuse or overstatement of scientific findings by untrained or biased experts.
Keywords: Forensic Science, Criminal Justice System, DNA Analysis, Digital Forensics Toxicology, Ballistics Expert Testimony, Evidentiary Value, Ethical Challenges, Data Privacy.