Strikes and Lockouts under the Industrial Disputes Act, 1947: Legal Framework, Judicial Interpretations, and Industrial Implications

This paper examines the legal framework, judicial interpretations, and industrial implications of strikes and lockouts under the Industrial Disputes Act, 1947. Strikes and lockouts, though recognised as legitimate tools of collective bargaining, are carefully regulated to balance workers’ rights, employers’ interests, and public welfare. The study outlines statutory definitions and procedural safeguards under Sections 2, 22-25, and penalties under Sections 26-29, highlighting how the Act distinguishes between lawful and unlawful industrial actions. The paper further explores the broader industrial implications, such as disruption of production, economic consequences, and the impact on collective bargaining. It concludes that while strikes and lockouts remain powerful economic weapons, their legitimacy depends on responsible use within statutory boundaries. By doing so, the Act aims to preserve industrial harmony and sustain the effectiveness of collective bargaining in India’s labour relations system.