The SHANTI Act, 2025 : A Critical Analysis Of India’s Nuclear Governance

The union government has recently enacted the Sustainable Harnessing and Advancement of Nuclear Energy for Transforming India (SHANTI) Act, 2025, with the objective of liberalising India’s nuclear energy governance framework. The article, titled “The SHANTI Act, 2025: Critical Analysis of India’s Nuclear Governance” presents a comprehensive examination of the Act by critically analysing its key provisions and assessing their constitutional and policy implications. The study adopts a comprehensive approach by comparatively assessing the SHANTI Act alongside with the earlier Civil Liability for Nuclear Damage act, 2010, Atomic Energy Act, 1962, and as well as international guidelines by International Atomic Energy Agency. This article examines the acts impact on the privatisation of the nuclear power sector in India, its implications for India’s federal structure, and revised liability regime in respect to both operators and the government. Is also analysis the changes introduced in the patent policy, opening gates for the private participation, and evaluates the establishment of a specialised appellate tribunal system for swift and efficient adjudication disputing in this crucial domain. This article concludes by emphasising the need for a balanced and participatory regulatory framework to ensure development of India’s nuclear sector.