Understanding the National Green Tribunal

The National Green Tribunal (NGT) was established under the 'National Green Tribunal Act, 2010' with the aim of providing a specialized and effective mechanism for resolving environment-related disputes in India. Due to rapid industrialization, urbanization, and the resulting environmental damage, the need for a dedicated body capable of addressing complex environmental issues had become apparent. The NGT utilizes scientific and technical knowledge alongside legal expertise to expeditiously and effectively resolve matters related to environmental protection, forest conservation, and the management of natural resources. It examines the origin, objectives, composition, jurisdiction, powers, and functions of the NGT and also highlights the Tribunal's role in promoting environmental justice by providing relief and compensation for environmental damage and by implementing principles such as sustainable development, the precautionary principle, and the 'polluter pays' principle. The study also discusses significant judgments delivered by the NGT that have contributed to the development of environmental jurisprudence in India.