ALGORITHMIC COLLUSION AND THE LIMITS OF SECTION 3 OF THE COMPETITION ACT, 2002: RETHINKING ‘AGREEMENT’ IN THE AGE OF AUTONOMOUS PRICING
Section 3 of the Competition Act, 2002 prohibits anti-competitive agreements, but its core requirement of a “meeting of minds” sits uneasily with pricing algorithms that can produce cartel-like outcomes without any human communication at all. This paper examines the Supreme Court’s decision in Samir Agrawal v. Competition Commission of India, arguing that it settles only […]
TRADEMARK INFRINGEMENT ON E-COMMERCE MARKETPLACES: RE-EXAMINING INTERMEDIARY LIABILITY UNDER INDIAN LAW
This article examines the evolving Indian standard for e-commerce marketplace liability for trademark infringement, tracing the doctrinal foundation laid in Christian Louboutin SAS v. Nakul Bajaj through two recent, seemingly divergent Delhi High Court decisions: PUMA SE v. IndiaMART InterMESH Ltd., which found a directory-style platform not liable, and Hindware Ltd. v. Google LLC, which […]
SEAT OVER VENUE: ANALYSING THE SUPREME COURT’S RULING IN J&K ECONOMIC RECONSTRUCTION AGENCY V. RASH BUILDERS INDIA PVT. LTD. (2026)
This commentary examines the Supreme Court’s 2026 decision in J&K Economic Reconstruction Agency v. Rash Builders India Pvt. Ltd., which reaffirms that the seat of arbitration, once fixed by agreement, determines jurisdiction over challenges to an award regardless of where hearings are subsequently conducted. The commentary traces the facts, the Court’s reasoning, and the broader […]
Retrenchment Under the Industrial Relations Code, 2020: Reinterpreting Its Definition, Conditions and Scope in Light of Legislative Changes and Judicial Precedents
The paper traces the concept of retrenchment in Indian labour law, tracking its evolution from the Industrial Disputes Act, 1947 through the amendments of 1953, 1976, and 1984, up to its consolidation under the Industrial Relations Code, 2020. It examines how the definition, preconditions, and scope of retrenchment have been shaped both by successive legislative […]
ZERO FIR: FILING A COMPLAINT ANYWHERE
When a crime occurs, precious time is often wasted in territorial disputes between police stations. The Zero FIR mechanism solves this delay by allowing a victim to register an FIR at any police station, regardless of where the incident happened. Now explicitly codified under Section 173 of the Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita, 2023 (BNSS), it […]
AI-Generated Evidence: Admissibility & Reliability in Indian Courts
The rapid entry of AI into daily operations from automated surveillance logs and predictive software to synthetic media and deepfakes is forcing Indian courts to rethink how truth is proven in a courtroom. While digital records are generally admitted under Section 63 of the Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam, 2023, through procedural certification, AI outputs present a […]
SAVELIFE FOUNDATION & ANR. v. UNION OF INDIA & ORS.
In May 2026, the Supreme Court of India transformed road safety jurisprudence in SaveLife Foundation v. Union of India, ruling that the Right to Emergency Trauma Care is a non-negotiable fundamental right under Article 21 (Right to Life). Moving beyond early protections for Good Samaritans, the Bench elevated post-crash response into a constitutional obligation of […]
Wrongful Convictions and Compensation: Need for a Statutory Framework
India does not have any law to pay the victims who have suffered wrongful accusation, arrest or imprisonment. Due to this absence of law, Supreme Court had been creating its own jurisprudence to provide compensatory relief since the “Rudul Sah v. State of Bihar (1983)” case by viewing compensation as a public law relief. However, […]
ONE JUDGMENT, TWO STANDARDS: THE ACCOUNTABILITY ASYMMETRY IN THE BIHAR SIR VERDICT
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FROM PASSIVE EUTHANASIA TO WITHDRAWAL OF TREATMENT: THE CLINICAL TURN IN INDIA’S RIGHT TO DIE WITH DIGNITY IN HARISH RANA V. UNION OF INDIA
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