An Enigma of TATA for Cars and Public Interest Litigations for the Public

Public Interest Litigation (PIL) has become a powerful legal mechanism in India, enabling individuals and groups to seek justice on behalf of those who are unable to approach the courts themselves. Originally developed to advance constitutional values and ensure access to justice for the marginalized, PIL has significantly broadened the scope of judicial intervention in matters of public concern. This article traces the development of PIL from its early use in securing basic rights to its current role in addressing complex issues such as environmental protection, governance, and human rights. While PIL has strengthened democratic accountability and social justice, concerns have emerged over its increasing misuse, politicisation, and encroachment into executive and legislative domains. The article offers a critical analysis of these concerns and argues for reforms that can preserve the integrity of PIL as a tool for collective welfare and constitutional governance.